Free downloadable mason jar clip art

Straight talking and direct, these cards will boost her self-esteem no end. Sphero BOLT is the fun way to get her involved in coding and programing, while having loads of fun.

Small in size but big in personality, Sphero will allow her to create her own games on her screen, write JavaScript, and teach it to navigate through mazes and around obstacles. Add some oriental charm to her bedroom with an LED bonsai cherry blossom tree. Waterproof and wearable, this speaker is worn on the wrist like a watch, and will not only allow her to listen to her music while swimming, running, or riding, but also make and receive calls, too.

Easily fitted to most styles of bed, this bedside shelf — which comes in white or natural — will keep her phone, remote control, glasses, and even a drink safely within easy reach. Just as good for reading in bed as it is for lighting the night when camping, this solar powered lantern is the ultimate in lightweight lamps.

Folding flat for easy storage, the LuminAID is waterproof and shatterproof, and will provide up to 24 hours of light on a single charge.

Tie-dyeing is a fun craft, and an excellent way of vamping up boring, white clothes. The downside is, it takes hours to do. This kit will cut the dyeing process from 8 hours to just 2 minutes in the microwave, using the two containers, dyes, and rubber bands included.

Part bike, part trike, and part scooter, the amazing Razor DeltaWing is a super cool way to travel. An impressive gift for 12 year old girls who like to get out and about, the Razor can be ridden sitting or standing, and can be used for spinning and drifting, too.

If she likes to paint her nails different colors, give her a way to have professional salon results every time. Gel polish can last for up to 14 days with no chipping or peeling, and this set comes with 6 colors, tools, and an LED lamp to cure the polish. Small Spaces is the spine-tingling novel by Katherine Arden that might just keep her up all night. Inside the tank body of Sphero RVR is a robot waiting to show what it can do.

Fully customizable, the Sphero RVR comes ready to use and can be programed to drive almost anywhere. Ideal for learning coding and programing, it works with Raspberry Pi, Micro Bit, and other third-party hardware. A beautiful addition to her nightstand, this jade roller will help her care for her skin naturally and easily. Used with her favorite moisturizer, the jade roller can be rolled upwards on the face to help absorption of the cream, while helping to tighten skin and smooth the surface.

She can give her ears a rest from in-ear buds with this cozy winter beanie. Help them make the most of their hobby with a selfie ring light and tripod stand. Height-adjustable from Perfect for watching videos on the internet or listening to music, this Beats wireless headphones by Dr. Dre would make a great gift for your 12 year old girl.

Getting their clothes right can be a challenge, especially when they start getting their own sense of style and mind. If your youngster has a passion for drawing, help her to bring her sketches to life with the Wacom Intuos Drawing Tablet. Designed for first-time users, the 4K pressure-sensitive pen and lightweight tablet feel just like sketching with a pen and paper — except drawings and paintings can be edited using 3 downloadable software packages. Is there any better way to get your kids learning than with a game?

Board games make great gifts for 12 year old girls, and this Gravity Maze one will make them use their logic and critical thinking. Show your daughter the games her parents used to play with the Nintendo Entertainment System.

It comes preloaded with the classic games such as Super Mario Bros. Everyone should own a pair of slippers and these Kawaii style ones will be absolutely perfect for any 12 year old.

Not only are they in the shape of adorably fluffy unicorns but they have lights in their cheeks which flash through a rainbow of colors. Tie dye is a great way to breathe new life into old clothes or even sheets. These hair chalks can be used to let your daughter experiment with her hair color without it being permanent. They can be applied to dry hair and will work on any hair color or shade.

Now she can make it herself at home with this Yum! Candy Making Science Kit. This adorable cape is a great alternative to a winter coat and will be perfect when the weather is cool but not cold enough for a huge jacket.

A term for glassware or bottles with a thin layer of opaque or colored glass overlaying a colorless aka "clear" glass body, or vice versa clear over colored glass. This is done by various means including applying a thin layer of glass over the main body glass possibly by dipping? The process of "striking" - which could also result in the same effect - is more chemical and heat induced. According to Kulasiewicz , ".. Flask - A bottle originally designed to be portable and easy to carry, which is typically oval or rectangular in cross-section and laterally compressed on two sides.

Though the shape can be found in a multitude of sizes, on this website flasks are considered to have a capacity of about 16 oz. Flint glass - A heavy, leaded glass of high quality with high refractive power, and great luster used in the choicest cut glassware White It was also glass made using calcined flints, or flints reduced to a white powder, as a source of silica Kaiser The term later used loosely by glass manufacturers in reference to clear or colorless glass in general Scholes Flux - A substance - usually soda - which promotes the fusion of glass.

Thus, a free-blown bottle has no mold seams or other mold induced markings. Also called "off-hand" blowing or working Scholes Fruit jar - Glass jar in which food is preserved at home, typically having a wide mouth for access.

The pale aqua quart jar pictured to the right is an example of a fruit jar that dates from the s Creswick See canning jar which is the preferred term on this website since it is more embracing, though both terms may be used interchangeably. Full sized bottle mold - A bottle mold that is used to form a specific shape and size of bottle where the interior surface of the mold is the same size as the outside of a finished bottle.

An inflated gather is placed into a full sized mold and expanded until the outside surface of the gather conforms with the inside of the mold. Also see dip mold and pattern mold - both of which are generally not considered full sized molds.

Gaffer - A master glass blower or craftsman and primary person that produced mouth-blown bottles. Was assisted by a servitor.

Reported to be an abbreviation or corruption of the English word "grandfather" meaning "old man" Trowbridge ; Whitehouse Gather - The glob gob of molten glass gathered on the end of a blowpipe from the glass pot or tank which is expanded to eventually form a mouth-blown bottle. The process of collecting the glass on the end of the blowpipe was called "gathering" and the person in the shop who often did this activity the "gatherer" Bridgeton Evening News Gasket - A liner applied between the sealing surface of the bottle usually the rim, sometimes the shoulder like on Mason jars and the closure to provide a airtight seal White German half-post - This is an early method of bottle production where the initial gather of glass is slightly inflated then dipped again into the glass pot to apply a second layer of glass.

This second layer of glass did not totally cover the first gather which is typically indicated by a thickened ridge on the upper shoulder of the finished bottle. The picture to the left is an early American flask produced by this method; note the ridge just below the neck. Bottles produced by this method are often called "double-dipped" in collector jargon. Ghost seams - Ghost seams are lightly imprinted usually and meandering mold seams found on the body, neck, and sometimes the base of machine-made bottles from a blow-and-blow machine.

These seams are conclusive evidence of machine manufacture. Ghost seams are formed by the mold seams induced by the two halves of the parison mold. The meandering "wavy" appearance is due to the distortion caused expansion of the parison in the second blow mold. See the Machine-made bottles portion of the Bottle Dating pages for more information. Glass-tipped pontil mark or scar - A pontil scar which was formed when a solid iron rod or bar, tipped with hot glass, is used as the empontilling tool.

The image to the right is of a sauce bottle base with a glass tipped pontil scar. See the discussion of the glass-tipped pontil scar on the Bottle Bases page.

Glory hole - Small furnace, introduced about , with one to four openings used for reheating the bottle while it was being worked upon Wilson Most often used for re-firing the neck and finish of bottle to facilitating tooling, smoothing out imperfections i. This term is also used to describe a small access opening in a larger furnace used for the same purposes.

Also called a "dog-house" in some countries Kulasiewicz ; Whitehouse Gob - A portion of molten glass which is to be expanded blown into a bottle or other glass item.

It can be the portion of glass that is delivered or fed into an automatic bottle machine see next definition or the portion of glass "hand" gathered on the end of a blowpipe, i. Gob feeder - A gob feeder is a machine that delivers hot, molten glass to a bottle forming machine; also called a "flow machine. Iron pontil scars contain no graphite carbon Toulouse See the iron pontil definition below and the discussion on pontil scars on the Bottle Bases page.

Green glass - The longtime glassmaker term for glass with a variably aqua coloration from the naturally occurring iron in the sand used for making glass, i. Also called "bottle glass" and "bottle glass green" Kendrick ; White Ground rim or lip on a Mason fruit jar. The grinding is on the flat top surface of an external screw thread finish.

Jar ca. The grinding process very often leaves behind a surface resembling very fine grit sandpaper and often resulted in very small less than a pinhead in size chips to the outside and inside edge.

Some of the chipping is visible in the enlarged version of the picture to the right, which shows the dull and slightly rough ground surface on a fruit jar with a outside screw thread "finish". Also called a "bust-off and grind lip" White Hand made, Hand blown, or Hand manufactured bottle - Terms used to describe non machine-made bottles. See mouth-blown bottle. Heel Insweep - The lowest portion of the bottle where the body begins to curve into the base.

The heel usually terminates at the resting point of the bottle, i. Put another way, the heel is the transition zone between the horizontal plane of the base and the vertical plane of the body. Also called the "basal edge" Firebaugh See the General Bottle Morphology page for an illustration.

Hinge mold - This term is often used to refer to a two-piece mold with no separate base plate section. A hinge mold aka hinge-bottom mold bottle is indicated by the side mold seam continuing around the heel of the bottle, bisecting the base, and continuing up the opposite side of the bottle as the other side mold seam. Click hinge mold base for a picture of a typical hinge mold bottle. This is also sometimes called a " snap case " base in collector jargon if there is no pontil mark superimposed over the mold seam.

In actuality, virtually all two or more piece bottle molds had hinges for ease of operation and fit precision, so the term is somewhat inaccurate. A better term is simply a two-piece mold. See the Bottle Bases page for an illustration of a two piece hinge mold.

Also see key mold below. Hollow ware - A broad term that includes glass containers and tableware, as well as illuminating ware in the broadest sense glass lanterns, globes and chimneys, light bulbs, radio and television tubes, etc.

Horizontal mold marks - Mold marks that run horizontally on a bottle standing upright. Horizontal marks are usually either the shoulder seam on a mouth-blown, three or four-piece mold produced bottle or the neck ring seam underneath the finish of a machine-made bottle. Hutchinson style bottle - A distinctive style of heavy glass bottle with a proportionally tall body, almost no neck, and a blob finish ; see the photo to the right of a to Hutchinson soda bottle from Oregon Fowler This style was used almost exclusively for soda and mineral water, though was rarely used for beer.

Hutchinson stopper - An internal stopper composed of a stiff wire with a loop at one end upper portion and external to the bottle and a disk and rubber gasket on the other end lower and internal to the bottle.

To view an illustration of this stopper click Hutchinson soda bottle illustration. Improved pontil scar or mark - See iron pontil below. Improved or Improved-tooled finish - An alternative name for the tooled finish. Also a term for a type of tooled finish where some or all of the shape of the finish itself was obviously mold formed. The picture to the left is an improved-tooled finish on a ca.

The term "improved-tooled" was apparently coined by Ronald Deiss, in his seminal MS thesis, to describe the entire category of tooled finishes. Ink bottle vs. Inkwell - The difference between an "ink bottle" and an "inkwell" is hard to define since they are both small bottles used as "containers for ink" from which a pen or quill was directly filled or dipped Merriam-Webster Online Dictionary So what is the real difference? Although both were used in a similar fashion - to directly fill a quill or fountain pen - according to Munsey an " Put another way, inkwells were more decorative, typically purchased empty like many liquor decanters , intended to be retained permanently until broken or of no use, and were filled over and over again from bulk sources.

In the end, the line is blurred between the two although both are covered as separate bottle "types" on the Household Bottles non-food related typology page. Inside threads - See screw threads inside. This is a finish type that has the threads on the inside of the finish.

Insweep Heel - See heel. See the General Bottle Morphology page. Iron pontil scar or mark - An iron pontil scar is the result of a red hot iron pontil rod being applied directly to the base of a bottle.

The resultant markings are usually a circular though sometime oval, square, or rectangular ground mark that is often covered or embedded with a gray, black, or reddish deposit ferric oxide which is from the pontil rod itself. Also called a "bare iron pontil" or "improved pontil.

All types of pontil scars are highly variable in shape and appearance; it is suggested that a user view the page on Pontil Marks or Scars for numerous examples of the different types and variations of pontil scars. Irradiated bottle - This term is used to describe a bottle that has been treated with artificial radiation equipment to alter or intensify the color.

For more information on the subject, please take a look at an interesting article on the subject by Dr. Jack Jacks - A highly versatile steel, or sometimes wooden, tong-like tool used almost like "fingers" to manipulate hot glass by the gaffer or other glassworkers.

Used for neck and finish forming as well as holding or guiding any other tool that was hot. Jacks were also called pucellas or simply "the tool" Kendrick Click jack use to view an illustration of jacks being used to form a bottle. Also see bottle above. Junk bottles - Early 18th and 19th centuries glassmaker name for black glass ale, porter, beer, and cider bottles though these bottles were likely used for all kinds of bottled products.

Key mold base on a ca. Keyed key mold - A variation of a two-piece hinge mold in which the bottom mold seam is not straight, but instead arches up at the middle of the base. Also called a "key mold" or "key molded base. A common variation to the one pictured has a squared off instead of arched jog. This is discussed in more dept on the Bottle Bases page. Kick-up - See Push-up below. Kick-up and push-up are synonymous.

Also called a "shove-up. Label or labeled only - This is a commonly used collectors term to refer to bottles that lack embossed lettering; the contents were originally identified by a "label only. It was added to strengthen the bore or neck White Lehr - This is the annealing oven or furnace in which the newly blown bottles were gradually cooled to enhance strength and reduce cooling breakage, aka annealed.

A "cooling furnace" if that is not an oxymoron. Also called a "leer" or "lear" and the person how tended this part of the operation was known as the "lear tender" Trowbridge ; Bridgeton Evening News Lightning closure - Also called a Lightning stopper. An external stopper which can be made of various materials porcelain, metal, glass, hard rubber , with a rubber ring encircling it as a seal and held in place on the bottle by a bent wire attached to the stopper and anchored to the outside of the neck just below the upper or lower lip or collar finish parts White A variation of this was used on the popular Lightning fruit jar in the late 19th and early 20th centuries.

Click Lightning closure for a picture of a Lightning closure on a modern Dutch beer bottle showing that these type closures are still in use around the world. Lip - This is one of the more confusing and variably used terms used in reference to bottle morphology. As used on this site, lip has two meanings depending on the context, though both uses are better described with other terms. It is used to describe the extreme upper surface of the finish , though the term rim is preferred both are often used together on this website.

The term is also frequently used as a shorthand reference for the entire finish, lip and collar together, i. Lipping tool - A tool used to form the finish of a bottle.

Also called a "finishing tool," "rounding tool," "necking tool," or "pressing tool" by glass makers U. Patent Office , The illustration to the right is from an patent showing a typical lipping tool from different angles. The finish contact portions of these tools were sometimes designed to be interchangeable so that different size and styles of finishes could be produced with the same basic tool Deiss pers.

Machine-made bottle - Bottle produced by a fully or semi-automated bottle machine where the air pressure to shape the bottle is supplied by a machine. Also, used to mean having the diagnostic characteristics of a machine produced bottle, i. See the Machine-made Bottles portion of the Bottle Dating pages for more information. Makers mark - Refers to embossing or very rarely other types of marks on the bottle that indicates what glass company actually produced it.

These are most often, but not always, on the base, heel, or lower body of the bottle. Julian Toulouse's book "Bottle Makers and Their Marks" is the classic reference on the subject, though much clarifying and correcting information has been uncovered in the years since its publishing. The picture to the right shows the makers marks for a bottle beer made by the Owens-Illinois Glass Company. These may be a type of vent mark On champagne bottles the mamelon is large and protuberant.

As noted, it is thought by some that the mamelon acted as an early form of air venting which facilitated the exit of the hot gases around the expanding bottle and allowed for a quicker and better "fit" of the hot glass to the sides of the mold Boow The line between a mamelon and an embossed dot in the middle of an indented base a common bottle base feature is vague, although a mamelon would be more protrusive than a typical embossed dot, though both are formed the same way by molding ; mamelons are uncommonly encountered on free-blown and dip-molded bottles Jones Marver - A metal or wooden table or slab - which was wax or oil coated for lubrication - on which the gob or gather of glass at the end of the blowpipe could be rolled to shape the bottle; a process called "marvering.

Some finishes on bottles could be formed, at least in part, by rolling the finish on the table while the base of the bottle was secured by either a pontil rod or snap case tool Schulz et al.

The process of using the marver as described is called marvering; click marvering to view an illustration of this process. Click Early 20th century mouth-blown bottle making film clip which shows the gaffers using a marver left side of image to pre-form the gob of glass prior to dropping it into the mold and expanding it. The term marver is a corruption of the French word for marble marbre which was what early marver table tops were made from Trowbridge Mason shoulder seal - On the famous Mason style screw thread, the sealing surface was the shoulder just below the screw threads, not the finish rim.

A rubber gasket was put on the shoulder between the glass and the metal lid and that combination achieved the sealing of the jar. On the jar shown in the image to the right, the sealing surface would be just where the lower edge of the cap touches the short abrupt shoulder of the jar.

The Mason shoulder seal is discussed more on the Types of Bottle Closures page. Measuring mold - See parison mold below; an industrial term used to refer to the parison mold on an Owens Automatic Bottle Machine. On this machine, the parison mold did serve the function of measuring the proper amount of glass necessary for the particular bottle being made. Mechanical cleaning - A process developed over the past 30 years where a stained or patinated bottle is polished to its more or less original luster using a mechanical tumbler, tiny pieces of copper, and cleaning compounds in solution.

Bottles having this done to them are referred to as "professionally cleaned" or "tumbled" by collectors. Metal - A glassmaking term for the glass itself, molten or solid but unformed. Moil - Residual glass remaining on the tip of a blowpipe after detaching the blown bottle Kulasiewicz Side mold seam on the neck of a era beer bottle with a tooled finish.

Some simple mold forms i. A bottle from a full mold is called a mold blown bottle. Mold cutter - Presumed to be a 19th-century possibly earlier term for the workman in the glass works or independent mold producing shop who did the engraving on the inside of the mold which formed the indentations that caused the resulting embossing on the bottle itself.

Also called a "chipper" Owens-Illinois Shown in the image to the left. Also called "mold line s " White and in the glass industry - "joint-marks" or "parting lines" Scholes ; Tooley Mouth-blown bottle - A bottle which was not blown by a automated machine nor is press-molded, but is instead shaped with or without a mold via air pressure applied by mouth through a blowpipe.

The following link is to an amazing early 20th century film clip of a mouth-blown "shop" blowing bottles. It shows two gaffers and one mold boy in smooth and efficient action. The gaffer quickly inflates the bottle and efficiently bursts off the blowpipe while pulling the blowpipe away from the mold this is very interesting to observe and shows that shearing or cracking off wasn't always used or necessary.

The second gaffer is doing all of this on a staggered timing sequence with the first gaffer which allows the team "shop" to produce a bottle about every 20 seconds! Early 20th century mouth-blown bottle making film clip.

Cases have been known in which men's cheeks have been so thin that they have actually cracked, and it is a common sight in a bottle house to see blowers at work with their cheeks puffed out like the fingers of a glove. Moyle - The residual and quickly solidifying glass left on the end of the blowpipe after the bottle is removed e.

This residual glass was usually beaten off prior to beginning the next gather unless the blowpipe was being used also as the pontil rod in which case this glass is the base adhering glass that becomes the pontil Boow Note: The removal of the moyle by beating it off is shown well in the file clip linked above. National Prohibition - In , the the legal production and sale of alcoholic beverages was banned with passage of the 18th Amendment and the Volstead Act with the implementation of National Prohibition in January Repeal of the 18th Amendment came in December of with liquor required to only be sold in bottles; bulk sales in casks was prohibited in an attempt to exert tighter controls and prevent a resurgence of anything resembling the old time saloon.

Neck - The usually constricted part of a bottle that lies above the shoulder and below the finish. Some authors have considered the upper neck as part of the finish also since the upper neck was very often manipulated as part of the finishing process with mouth-blown bottles Ketchum , White However, for this web site the finish is considered to begin where the conformation of the upper neck abruptly or changes alters usually increases in diameter at the base of the finish.

Necking tool - See lipping tool. Neck-ring or Neck-ring mold - At its simplest, this is the "metal mold part used to form the finish on a hollow glass bottle item" made by a semi or fully automatic bottle machine Tooley More specifically, on blow-and-blow machines this is the portion of a mold that held the parison in the parison mold and to mechanically transfer the parison to the second blow mold, where it also formed part of the mold.

Non-continuous thread or screw-thread - See screw-thread outside below. Opalescence - A glass weathering trait caused by moisture on the glass surface leaching out or dissolving the soda within the glass and depositing it on the surface of the bottle Scholes Also referred to as devitrification. Opalescence may take the form of nacreous "mother of pearl"; see the image to the right discoloration or whitish, scale-like patina White The finish was not formed at all by the mold itself, but rather by the tooling of the reheated terminal neck glass or post-blowpipe applied finishing glass.

Open pontil mark or scar - A collector term for what is more accurately called a glass-tipped or blow-pipe pontil scar. The image to the left shows a very distinct example of this pontil type. This is the glass scar left on the base of a bottle by a glass tipped pontil rod or equivalent when it is removed.

All pontil scars are highly variable in shape and appearance. Orifice Bore - See Bore. The Owens machines, which used suction to draw the glass into the mold, were gradually overshadowed by more efficient "gob feeder" gravity flow glass feeding machines beginning in the late s and s.

The Owens machine was patented on August 2nd, ; click Owens Patent to view the actual patent drawings and descriptions. A picture of the Owens Bottle Machine 6 is to the right from Walbridge The link below allows a user to view an amazing short movie clip that shows two different early Owens Automatic Bottle Machines in operation. The first machine is the "Machine 5" which the film clip script notes as having been made in in Toledo, Ohio.

This was apparently the earliest of the viable commercial machines, and in fact, the clip was made to help promote and sell the machine to potential buyers. The first person shown operating Machine 5 is Emil Bock, a mechanical genius who worked with Michael Owens from the "bicycle pump" early machine experimentation days s and transformed Mike's ideas into workable steel machines. Michael Owens is the second person shown picking up and examining a couple beer bottles. This clip is also reported to be the only movie ever made showing Michael Owens who was reputed to be "camera shy.

Of particular note, the clip shows several the sucking up and cutting off of the glass from the continuous tank by the parison or blank mold. Many thanks to Phil Perry - a senior engineer with that company - who graciously provided this clip.

F ilm clip of an early Owens Automatic Bottle Machine in operation. Packer - An industry term used to indicate either wide-mouth or narrow-mouth containers, particularly those made for the pharmaceutical or food-packing industries.

It was apparently meant to indicate stock containers lacking distinct designs or embossing Schulz et al. Also see utility bottles. According the the Merriam-Webster OnLine dictionary, panel is " a separate or distinct part of a surface.

LOGAN - has a flattened "panel" with embossing. The flattened panels may also be indented aka inset or sunken and are commonly seen on square or rectangular bottles. These panels typically contained the label or the proprietary embossing. The two aqua proprietary medicine bottles pictured below right have indented panels. An alternative meaning of panel is in reference to the removable plates in a plate mold that allowed the same mold to be used for differently embossed proprietary bottles White Parison aka "paraison" - An inflated gather of glass which is not yet the finished bottle.

The term is applicable to both mouth blown and machine-made bottles. With mouth-blown bottles, a parison is the early expansion of the gather gob of glass which is then placed in the mold for final expansion to the mold induced form.

With machine-made bottles the gob of glass is sucked Owens Automatic Bottle Machine , placed, or dropped other semi and fully automated machines into the parison mold which forms the parison. In the machine process, a parison is a preliminary bottle shape with a fully formed finish and a partially formed body.

Parison mark - See baffle mark. Sometimes spelled "paraison" Hunter This is the preliminary bottle forming mold on all automatic bottle machines which transforms a gob of glass into a preliminary bottle shape with a fully formed finish lip and a partially formed body. The parison mold on a blow-and-blow machine was made of two or more parts not including the neck-ring mold which was really also one of the parts comprising the parison mold. This formative bottle was then automatically transferred to a blow mold for final expansion to shape of the finished product.

On the Owens machines the parison mold was apparently sized to measure the glass being sucked out of the glass pot below, thus the term "measuring mold. The blank parison mold concept was the revolutionary invention patented in of Philip Arbogast of Philadelphia, PA.

Parison mold seams - The mold seams that are formed on the surface of the bottle by the mold part interfaces joints of a semi or fully automatic machines parison mold. These can include the ghost seams on the sides and a suction scar like mark on the base of machine-made bottles. Parting lines - See Mold seams above. Paste mold - See turn-mold below. Patent medicine - Also called a "proprietary medicine. Although medicines in the 19th and early 20th century were rarely patented if anything they were more often trademarked the name patent medicine is ingrained in the collector world Munsey , Fike The picture to the left shows two variants of a popular 19th century patent medicine - Hall's Balsam for the Lungs.

These two bottles are discussed more fully on the Examples of Dating Historic Bottles page. Patination patina - The surface of glass will react variably, albeit slowly, to the natural chemical processes of decomposition in both water and the earth. This process of weathering is called patination. The results of this decomposition is a crust or other glass surface alteration with is referred to as a "patina", "sick glass", or simply "stain.

Some glass is more prone to patination than other glass and some environments produce patination more readily than others. Thus, the presence or absence of patination does not imply anything about the age of the glass. This effect is also called stained, opalized, opalescence , iridescence, or devitrification by collectors Tooley ; Kendrick ; Dumbrell Click A. Gettelman Brewing Company to view an early s machine-made, export style beer bottle that has a rainbow patination that is actually quite esthetic.

Pattern mold - A type of partial and less than full sized mold typically a dip mold with lines or "patterns" engraved on the walls in which a somewhat inflated gob or gather of glass is placed to give the bottle a general shape and the surface a pattern. The bottle is then removed from the mold and further expanded to form the final dimensions of the bottle.

Click Pitkin type flask to see a picture of an American bottle produced in a patterned dip mold. Pitkin flask - A somewhat generic name for a class of early American ribbed body flasks made using the German half-post method. An example from ca. These flasks were formed by expanding an otherwise free-blown bottle with a pattern mold. Though Pitkin flasks were most definitely made at the Pitkin Glassworks in Pitkin, Connecticut , many or most were made at other New England, Midwestern primarily Ohio , and Eastern Seaboard glass houses during the period noted Buckley ; Noordsy Plate mold - Mold that accepts a plate engraved for embossing on a bottle.

Also known as a slug plate which is a collector originated term for a plate mold. These type molds allowed for the interchanging of plates with other engraved embossing to make uniquely embossed bottles for another customer.

Plate molds made proprietary i. Click p late to see a picture of an actual early 20th century mold plate for a druggist bottle. On square or rectangular bottles a plate is sometimes referred to as a "panel" White Also, see the General Bottle Morphology page. Open or blowpipe pontil scar on the base of a "calabash" bottle - ca. Pontil mark or scar - Highly variable scar or roughage left on the base of a bottle which was held for finishing by some type of pontil rod.

Various types and names include: open pontil collector jargon , glass-tipped pontil , iron pontil , improved pontil , graphite pontil collector jargon , scarred base, "sticky ball" pontil, sand pontil , and others. Pontil scars are highly variable in shape and appearance. It is suggested that a user view the pontil scar or mark portion of the Bottle Bases page for numerous examples of the different types and variations of pontil scars, as well as descriptions of how they were formed.

Pontil rod - An long iron rod which is attached to the base of the hot bottle to hold it while finishing. Also called a punt, punte, ponty, pontee, or punty. Post-bottom or Post-base - This is a bottle base configuration formed from a mold bottom plate which was shaped like a very short "post" projecting into the mold forming most - but not all - of the base of the bottle.

The mold types which produced this base orientation are referred to as a "post-bottom mold" Toulouse b; Munsey or "post-base mold" - both terms are used on this website. Bottles formed with this type mold have a circular mold seam mark fully within the outside diameter of the base, even on square or rectangular bottles.

The side-seams of a bottle formed in this type mold extend around the heel of the bottle and onto the base to merge with this post seam. Click Warner's Safe Tonic base for a picture of a post mold base.

This feature was most commonly used from the early s and before; it is uncommonly seen on bottles produced after the mids with some bottle type specific exceptions, e. Chronologically, this type mold was used more commonly before the cup-bottom or cup-base mold, but that is variable depending on the type of bottle.

See the Bottle Bases page for an illustration of a post bottom mold and for more information on the subject. Post-bottom mold post-base mold - See entry above. Pots during mouth-blown bottle manufacturing days were reportedly from 32" to 54" in diameter and about 2.

Potstone - Primarily a collector term for un-melted sand or silica grains imbedded in the glass. Called stones or "knots" by glassmakers in the 20th century Scholes or "sandy glass" Bridgeton Evening News Click potstone to see a large one in the shoulder of an s medicine bottle; see stones below.

Pressed laid-on ring - Fruit jar terminology for a type of applied finish that was used primarily on wax sealer canning jars.

This finish was formed by shaping the applied glass into shape with some type of pressing tool, which may have been hand or foot operated Toulouse a. The example of this style of finish pictured to the right is on an s era canning jar blown in San Francisco, CA. These finishes are discussed more on one of the Bottle Finish Styles pages. Press -and-blow process - A machine-made bottle forming process or cycle where the parison is mechanically "pressed" in the parison mold by a piston or plunger, but blown in the second blow mold.

Click on the following links to see illustrations of this type of machine cycle for a Lynch Milk Bottle machine: first illustration , second illustration. Most often used for glassware, but used for much wide mouth bottle production e.

Most but not all press-and-blown produced bottles and jars have a valve aka "ejection" mark on the base and lack ghost seams since the parison mold was of a dip mold conformation, i.

Also see the blow -and-blow process. Click press-and-blow machine to see an image of a machine with that used that cycle. The first production bottles known to have been made on semi-automatic press-and-blow machines were wide mouth Vaseline bottles made by the C. Flaccus Glass Co. Beaver Falls, PA. Press molding - A process used in the manufacturing of primarily tableware; rarely used solely for the production of hollow ware , with the exception of some types of wide-mouth jars.

These can be used as pins, hair accessories, and more. Let your imagination run free. Thanksgiving and gratitude go together. This is a great project to help kids think about all the things they have to be thankful for.

You can find the instructions for this project at Happiness is Homemade. Look at the cute legs on this coffee filter turkey! I love everything about it, from its colorful autumn body to its wide spread of feathers. Find the instructions for this art project at A Faithful Attempt.

Not only is this mason jar turkey as cute as a button, it's also useful. Use this turkey as a favor holder for each place setting at the Thanksgiving table. The directions for making these little turkeys can be found at About Family Crafts. Help the kids remember which glass is theirs. Find out how to make these little turkeys at Diva of DIY. This is a very attractive plant poke. Dress up your plants for Thanksgiving by checking out the directions for this craft at Craftideas.

This cute little turkey is made using a small pumpkin. To make one like it, go to Growing Up Bilingual. Make a family of these clay pot turkeys using different sized clay pots.

Go to Dot Com Women for the instructions. This project would be great to do with kids, or even the seniors who enjoy crafting. Learn how to make a turkey brooch by going to the Artists Helping Children website. You could make these little brooches as a party favor for each of your guests to take home.

Make these for your loved ones by going to DIY Inspired for the instructions. Look how easy and cute this project is. You'll find the directions at Gwenny Penny. When you're short on time who isn't during the holidays? Make these easy turkey place card holders for your Thanksgiving table this year.

These are just too cute for words. I'll have to find some toe socks so I can make them. You'll find the directions for this craft at Unsolicited Advice. These are very cute and easy-to-make turkey tins. Find the directions for this project at Burton Avenue. Make turkey treat jars for a Thanksgiving celebration.

You can use baby food jars or other small jars for this project. This is a terrific Thanksgiving decoration to make and use for many years to come. Go to Sewing for the pattern and instructions. This is a super easy craft to make. Make a turkey tulle wreath and decorate your door for Thanksgiving.

These attractive turkeys are made using cereal boxes. Find the directions at Blissfully Domestic. This is a great tutorial for making a turkey T-shirt. Go to The Cottage Mama to find out how to do this project. You can make cute Thanksgiving favors using scrapbook paper by following the directions at Pink Paper Peppermints. This is a nice craft to do with the kids.

I love the folksy look of this paper mache turkey. Find the tutorial at Nikitaland. Try this project with the kids. Sometimes you want a simple turkey for a particular spot in the house. This turkey can easily serve that role. Go to Made by Joel for the tutorial. Crafts by Amanda has so many outstanding crafts for any and all occasions. This turkey is made using a glove and is a great example of the crafts you'll find there.

I love the sporty look of this cute turkey.